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Author: Gill Jackson
First Published: 25/11/2024
Hyperactive
This subtype of ADHD (known as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentation) is the type of ADHD that most individuals envision when they hear the term ADHD. It is characterised primarily by symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity, which are often the most visible and recognisable symptoms of ADHD.
Individuals with this subtype of ADHD may exhibit a range of behaviours that include excessive fidgeting, inability to remain seated in situations where it is expected, and a tendency to talk excessively or interrupt others during conversations. These symptoms can lead to challenges, particularly in structured environments such as classrooms or workplaces, where focus and self-control are expected.
Hyperactivity in this context often refers to an overwhelming need to move. Children, for instance, may be seen running around, climbing on furniture, or engaging in activities that seem to be driven by an uncontainable energy. Adults may experience this as a restlessness and fidgeting that makes it difficult to relax or engage in sedentary activities.
Impulsivity, another hallmark of this type of ADHD, shows up as a lack of forethought regarding the consequences of actions. Individuals may make hasty decisions, struggle to wait their turn in conversations or games, and may find themselves blurting out responses before fully processing the question or context. This impulsive behaviour can lead to social difficulties, as it may be perceived as rudeness or insensitivity by others.
The combination of these symptoms can significantly impact daily life, influencing academic performance, professional relationships, and personal interactions. It is important to note however that while hyperactivity and impulsivity are the main symptoms, individuals with this type of ADHD may also experience difficulties with attention, although these may not be as overtly apparent as the hyperactive behaviours.
Overall, this type of ADHD is often the most recognised and discussed, as its symptoms are more readily observable and can lead to immediate challenges in various aspects of life.
Inattentive
The subtype of ADHD that is less known and often referred to as ADD, or Attention Deficit Disorder, has historically been a source of confusion and misunderstanding within both the medical community and the general public. While ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is the umbrella term used today, ADD specifically referred to a subtype of ADHD that is characterised primarily by inattention rather than hyperactive or impulsive behaviour.
In the past, the term ADD was commonly used to describe individuals who exhibited symptoms of inattention without the hyperactivity that is typically associated with ADHD. This distinction was helpful because it highlighted the varying types of ADHD. People with inattentive ADHD might struggle with focusing, organising tasks, following through on instructions, and maintaining attention on activities, often leading to challenges in academic, professional, and social settings.
The transition from using ADD to ADHD as the official terminology came about in the late 20th century, particularly with the publication of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). In the DSM-III, released in 1980, ADD was classified under the term ADHD, which encompassed the three subtypes we are talking about in this blog. Despite the shift in terminology by medical professionals, many people still use the term ADD colloquially to describe those who exhibit primarily inattentive symptoms.
The symptoms associated with this type of ADHD can often go unnoticed or be misattributed to other issues, such as laziness, daydreaming or lack of motivation. This can lead to frustration for individuals who may be trying their best but find themselves unable to meet expectations due to their neurological differences. Understanding that the predominantly inattentive type of ADHD is a legitimate and recognised condition is crucial for increasing empathy and support for those affected.
In conclusion, while the terminology has evolved, the need for awareness and understanding of the predominantly inattentive subtype of ADHD remains important. Recognising the unique challenges faced by individuals with this type of ADHD can help in creating more effective strategies for management, support, and accommodations that can lead to improved outcomes in various aspects of life.
Combined ADHD
Combined ADHD is a complex condition that represents a blend of the two primary subtypes of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: hyperactive-impulsive ADHD and inattentive ADHD.
Individuals with combined ADHD exhibit a unique combination of characteristics that encompass traits from both categories. This means that they may experience significant challenges related to hyperactivity, such as excessive movement, fidgeting, or an inability to remain seated in situations where it is expected. At the same time, they may also struggle with inattentiveness, which can manifest as difficulty sustaining focus, frequent daydreaming, or an inability to follow through on tasks. The coexistence of these traits can create a particularly challenging experience for those affected, as they navigate the demands of daily life in academic, working and social settings. For example, a child with combined ADHD might be seen as disruptive in the classroom due to impulsive behaviours, while simultaneously being unable to concentrate on lessons or complete assignments. This can lead to misunderstandings from peers and adults, who may not fully grasp the complexities of their symptoms.
Additionally, the symptoms of combined ADHD can vary widely in intensity and how they present from one individual to another. Some individuals may have more pronounced hyperactive behaviours, while others may experience more inattention. This variability can complicate diagnosis and treatment, as professionals must take into account the specific combination of symptoms that each person has. In addition, individuals with combined ADHD often face increased risks for co-occurring conditions, such as anxiety or learning disabilities, which can further complicate their overall functioning and quality of life.
Key symptoms below;
Hyperactive | Inattentive |
Excessive fidgeting | Difficulty remaining focused |
Inability to remain seated | Difficulties organising tasks |
Excessive talking | Challenges in completing activities |
Interrupting in conversations | Difficulties following instructions |
Acting without thinking | Difficulties paying attention |
Struggling with turn taking | Making careless mistakes |
Desire for immediate rewards | Appearing forgetful or loosing things |
PLEASE NOTE: The term "subtype" is currently changing to the term "presentation". You may hear professionals use both terms.
Author: Gill Jackson of Gill Jackson Therapeutic Counselling, BA Hons Counselling, Diploma in Couples and Family Therapy, Diploma in EFT, Assoc. CIPD, CFACCPH
Bio: I am a Therapist/Psychotherapist, Accredited Mentor and Trainer, ADHD Coach, Assessor and Diagnostician in private practice in the UK, qualified since 2007. Working with adults and young adults. I specialise in Anxiety Disorders and Depression and have a special interest in Neurodiversity.
Facebook: www.facebook.com/gilljacksontherapy
Instagram: www.instagram.com/gilljacksoncounselling
This article is not intended as a replacement for medical advice, if you are suffering from any physical or mental ill health please seek advice of your Doctor where necessary.
Images used with permission from Wix and Unsplashed.